| A few years ago, my family and I attended a performance of A Christmas Carol at the American Shakespeare Center in Staunton, Virginia. It was superb. My kids particularly enjoyed it and were surprised to learn that the author - Charles Dickens - is the man most responsible for the modern celebration of the season. This is a story that deserves to be more widely known... Dickens is one of the greatest writers in the English language. He published 15 novels in his lifetime. None has ever gone out of print. Yet in 1843, Dickens' popularity was at a low, his critical reputation in tatters, his bank account overdrawn. Facing bankruptcy, he considered giving up writing fiction altogether. In a feverish six-week period before Christmas, however, he wrote a small book he hoped would keep his creditors at bay. His publishers turned it down. So using his meager savings, Dickens put it out himself. It was an exercise in vanity publishing - and the author told friends it might be the end of his career as a novelist. Yet the publication of A Christmas Carol caused an immediate sensation, selling out the first printing - several thousand copies - in four days. A second printing sold out before the new year, and then a third. Widespread theatrical adaptations spread the story to an exponentially larger audience still. And it wasn't just a commercial success. Even Dickens' chief rival and foremost critic, William Makepeace Thackeray, bowed his head before the power of the book... The last two people I heard speak of it were women; neither knew the other, or the author, and both said, by way of criticism, "God bless him!" What a feeling this is for a writer to be able to inspire, and what a reward to reap! Today we all know the tale of tightfisted Scrooge - "Bah! Humbug!" - and his dramatic change of heart after being visited by the ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Future. But A Christmas Carol didn't just restore Dickens' reputation and financial health. It also breathed new life into what was then a second-tier holiday that had fallen into disfavor. As Les Standiford notes, in early 19th-century England, the Christmas holiday... Was a relatively minor affair that ranked far below Easter, causing little more stir than Memorial Day or St. George's Day today. In the eyes of the relatively enlightened Anglican Church, moreover, the entire enterprise smacked vaguely of paganism, and were there Puritans still around, acknowledging the holiday might have landed one in the stocks. The date of Christmas itself is arbitrary, of course. There is no reference in the Gospels to the birth of Jesus taking place on December 25, or in any specific month. And while the date was marked on Christian calendars, celebrations were muted. | 
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